Наукові періодичні видання СНУ ім. В. Даля

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2D-моделювання при багатоваріантних розрахунках магнітної індукції в матрицях поліградієнтних електромагнітних сепараторів
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2024) Романченко, Ю. А.; Romanchenko, J. A.
У статті обґрунтувано застосування 2D-моделювання при багатоваріантних розрахункахмагнітної індукції в матрицях поліградієнтнихелектромагнітних сепараторів. Показано, щовикористання двовимірних моделей базується напевних припущеннях щодо граничних умов тахарактеру розподілу магнітного поля в робочихпроміжках, не потребуючи значних обчислювальнихресурсів та часу розрахунку. Представленокомбінований підхід до проведеннябагатоваріантних розрахунків магнітної індукції вробочій зоні електромагнітного сепаратора,заснований на використанні переваг скінченно-елементного аналізу як у двовимірній, так й утривимірній постановці. Для визначення векторногомагнітного потенціалу на границях двовимірнихрозрахункових областей проведені дослідженняпросторового розподілу магнітного поля в робочихпроміжках матриці сепаратора. Для цього шляхомвипадкової вибірки обрано три варіантисепаратора, які відрізняються геометричнимипараметрами поліградієнтних матриць. Длямоделей з вибірки повітряний проміжок змінюєтьсяв достатньо широкому діапазоні. Інші вихідні даніпри моделюванні для трьох варіантів лишалисьнезмінними. Побудовані тривимірні комп’ютернімоделі та отримані числові значення векторногомагнітного потенціалу на границях розрахунковихобластей. Здійснено 2D-моделювання розрахунковихмоделей трьох варіантів з прийнятими граничнимиумовами. Порівняно результати розрахунку значеньмагнітної індукції, що отримані, відповідно, при 2D-та 3D-моделюванні, результати порівнянняпредставлено у вигляді таблиць та графіків.Знайдено відносну похибку розрахунку магнітногополя для трьох варіантів. Показано, що отриманіпри 3D-моделюванні значення векторногомагнітного потенціалу для прийнятих трьохваріантів електромагнітних систем, можуть бутивикористані для аналізу, обробки та обчисленьмагнітної індукції при 2D-моделюванні.Верифіковано обчислення магнітної індукції при 2D-моделюванні, що дозволило зменшити часовівитрати, пов’язані з 3D-моделюванням, тапідвищити, таким чином, обчислювальнуефективність розрахунків в цілому.
A survey of open-source speech recognition software for voice actuated control.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2019) Derevianchenko, V. S.; Biloborodova, T. O.; Skarga-Bandurova, I. S.; Fursa, P. S.; Koverha, M. O.
Nowadays, speech recognition technologies are actively developing and find application in various fields, such as controlling a computer using voice, dictating texts, and human-computer interaction or communicating with a computer on an intellectual level. Non-contact and natural for human ways of interacting with a computer, based on automatic recognition and synthesis of speech, text, gesture and tactile information, as well as paralinguistic information, including non-verbal aspects of speech and text information, are especially relevant. Much attention is paid to creating an accessible environment for people with disabilities and disabilities. An important means of ensuring accessibility and improving the quality of life, social interaction, and integration into society for people with disabilities are computer facilities and specialized information systems. In this paper we presented a series of experiments and analyzed the open-source software for voice actuated control. Simon is a software for Internet surfing, mailing, managing multimedia applications that can be adapted to the needs of older people. To work with the acoustic model, we need to either have our own model or load it from the library. The speech recognition was evaluated using two criteria, they are WER and Latency. The analysis of the software for recognition of continuous speech showed that at present there is no universal system for recognizing continuous speech that would be capable of self-learning, would be speaker-independent, resistant to noise, and have a low error rate. The considered software solutions at the moment are not universal and accurate, the speech recognition error greatly depends on the presence of extraneous medium and high-frequency noise, as well as on the microphone quality.
Analysis and Systematisation of the Influence of Risks on the Innovation and Investment Activities of the Enterprise in the Conditions of Post-Conflict Transformation.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2024) Ivchenko, Yu. A.; Івченко, Ю. А.
Despite the fact that the situation in Ukraine's economy remains challenging, as the economic environment does not create reliable preconditions for economic growth, economic and social problems continue to persist, deepen and exacerbate. The country's economy is currently characterized by a pronounced raw materialbased economy with an underdeveloped manufacturing industry. Ensuring qualitative transformational changes in the economy is not possible without consistent capital accumulation of enterprises on a simple and expanded basis. The tools used by domestic enterprises (traditional instruments and methods) to manage innovation and investment activities are imperfect, as they do not allow timely identification and forecasting of possible risks, accurate assessment of the decline in innovation and investment potential and economic sustainability of enterprises. Identification of the cause and effect relationships of crisis phenomena ensures the implementation of the anti-crisis management mechanism in a transformational economy. For successful innovation and investment activities of an enterprise in the context of post-conflict transformation, a qualitative analysis and systematization of the impact of risks is necessary. The aim of the article is to analyze and systematize the impact of risks on the innovation and investment activity of enterprise in the context of post-conflict transformation. To achieve this goal, all types of risks of innovation and investment activity were systematized according to certain features and depicted schematically. The article analyses approaches to risk definition, investment risks, innovation risks, specific risks, innovation risks according to the subject of innovation, and risks of entrepreneurial activity. It is noted that the analysis of risk impact contributes to the further development of the theory of riskology. It is concluded that systematization of the impact of risks on the innovation and investment activities of enterprise in the context of post-conflict transformation is necessary to formalize the risk management processes at enterprises. The author notes that in the context of military conflict and post-conflict transformations, new types of risks may arise, so this issue requires further research.
Analysis of the Current State and Main Trends in the Formation of the Waste Management System
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2024) Manuhina, M. Y.; Tatsii, I. V.; Манухіна, М. Ю.; Тацій, І. В.
The scale and significance of the waste problem intheUkrainian economy is associated both with thedomination ofresource-The scale and significance of thewaste problem in the economy of Ukraine is related bothto the dominance of resource-intensive technologies andthe lack of an effective waste management policy formany years. Significant volumes of accumulated waste,an increase in the number of unauthorized landfills andoverloaded landfills that do not meet environmentalsafety standards; low regulation of the issue of wastemanagement at the legislative level; the lack of aneffective waste management system and effectivemeasures aimed at preventing the generation, recycling,recovery and disposal of waste are the main factors thatnegatively affect the environmental safety of our country.Environmental assessment methods and the level of detailof accounting and analytical information on wasterequire improvement. The article examines the dynamicsof waste formation in Ukraine, the current situation ofwaste growth is worsened by the military aggression ofthe Russian Federation against Ukraine. The maindirections of the National Waste Management Strategyare considered. The necessity of forming an effectiveinformation system at the stage of implementation of thewaste management process at each enterprise, which hasboth national and regional significance, is substantiated.The need for the formation of reliable data by enterprisesof various forms of ownership for the formation oftransparent and objective information about waste inorder to implement a five-level hierarchy of wastemanagement, which is based on recovery and rationalconsumption of resources, uses economic approaches tominimize the negative impact on the environment, isemphasized. waste-free production and achieving thegoals of sustainable development. The need to regulatethe concepts of "waste" and "irreversible waste" inregulatory acts has been proven. The method ofaccounting for standard and non-standard nonreturnablewaste at the enterprise has been clarified.Thestudy notes that the formation of an effective wastemanagement system is one of the key tools for authoritiesto implement the basic principles of waste legislation atboth the national and regional levels.
Application of an Innovative Approach to the Organization of the Educational Process in Higher Education and Training of Applicants 073 and 281 Specialties in the Conditions of Distance Education
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2023) Chorna, O. Y.; Lishchyshyna, A. V.; Чорна, О. Ю.; Ліщишина, А. В.
The study proved and substantiated the importance of innovative approaches and digitalization in the organization of the educational process of higher education. It has been found that the introduction of innovative approaches is a strategically key factor for achieving a high level of quality and efficiency of educational services. In particular, innovative technologies and digitalization allow universities to adapt to modern requirements and create flexible and accessible learning environments. During the study, an analysis of differences in the interpretation of the concepts of «threat» and «risk» was conducted. In particular, it is determined that in education threats and risks can include not only financial difficulties, but also loss of reputation, low quality of education and insufficient competitiveness of graduates. It identifies the main range of problematic issues, sets of innovative approaches in higher education and highlights the principles and stages of diagnosis, which should take into account the specifics of the educational environment and the requirements of the modern labor market for its qualitative assessment. In order to test the research, the article assesses and analyzes the introduction of innovative approaches in the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University for the training of applicants 073 and 281 in the field of distance education. The strategic goals chosen to accelerate the digitalization process have been singled out and justified, considering the high standards of quality and the needs of the modern educational environment. The introduction of a digital student card, the creation of a digital educational environment and an increase in the level of digital literacy of students and teaching staff are key areas of the strategy of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University. In addition, innovative approaches have been developed, such as partnerships with technology companies, the creation of electronic libraries and archives aimed at supporting research activities and quality education in distance learning. It provides a SWOT analysis of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University which highlights the main strengths and weaknesses of its functioning, as well as identifies the opportunities and threats faced by the university today in the most difficult conditions of existence. The conducted analysis allows us to draw conclusions and determine the prospects for further research in this direction. In general, the study emphasizes the importance of innovation and digitalization in education as strategic factors contributing to improving the quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of educational institutions in the modern world. The obtained results help to determine the optimal way to achieve the set goals, and their certification with certificates testifies to the importance and effectiveness of the chosen direction of innovative activity at Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University in the face of high requirements for remote educational process.
Axonometric Transformations of a Complex Drawing.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2023) Karpyuk, L. V.; Davydenko, N. O.; Gezevi Abdalhaleh Goma Ahmed; Карпюк, Л. В.; Давіденко, Н. О.; Гезеві Аб- далхалех Гома Ахмед
When drawing up technical drawings, it is sometimes necessary to have visual representations along with images of objects in the orthogonal projection system. For such images, the method of axonometric projection is used (axonometry is a Greek word, literally translated as measurement along the axes; axon means axis, metreo means measuring). The essence of the axonometric projection method: an object, together with the axes of rectangular coordinates to which it is assigned in space, is projected onto a certain plane so that none of its coordinate axes is projected onto it at a point. In this case, the object itself is projected onto this projection plane in three dimensions. In this case, the dimensions of the object in axonometric projections along all three axes are distorted. The change in linear dimensions along the axes is characterized by the distortion indices (coefficients) along the axes. The distortion index is the ratio of the length of a segment on the axonometric axis to the length of the same segment on the corresponding axis of the rectangular coordinate system in space. The purpose of this paper is to construct an axonometric projection of a circle located in the plane of general position using classical methods of descriptive geometry methods of transforming a complex drawing. Axonometry stands alone in descriptive geometry, which is due to the theoretical multitude of approaches in which the coordinate system is a model of geometric space. Certain difficulties in mastering axonometry are related not only to this but also to its insufficient methodological support. Thus, in the definition of axonometric projection, the standards do not contain key phrases about the orientation of the object and the associated coordinate system relative to the projection direction, which should not be parallel to any coordinate axis. There is no clarity about axonometric planes, their location relative to the main planes in rectangular projection. The article describes a method for constructing an axonometric projection of a circle located in the plane of general position relative to the planes formed by axonometric axes. An example of constructing an ellipse a projection of a circle for a projecting plane is given, which can be extended to the conditions of the plane of general position without fundamental changes. The proposed article can be recommended for students who study descriptive geometry and engineering graphics courses in depth, and can also be useful for young teachers as a supportive material in working with students.
Aдаптивна система управління електроприводом самооборотної медогонки.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2022) Логунов, О. М.; Logunov, O. M.
Розглянуто сучасний стан типових засобів автоматизації пасік в Україні, показані вимоги до медогонок в цілому та до систем управління їх електроприводом зокрема. Розглянуто декілька існуючих систем керування електроприводом медогонки. Показані їх типові недоліки: використання ненадійних електромеханічних реле, обмежена кількість програм, відсутність систем контролю швидкості обертання барабана та зворотного зв'язку. Розглянуто конструкцію медогонки. Надано диференціальне рівняння руху колекторного двигуна постійного струму. Наведено вираз, що зв’язує момент інерції ротора медогонки та масу меду в стільниках. Запропоновано спосіб моніторингу процесу відкачування меду за допомогою датчика зворотного зв’язку. Наведено вираз для обчислення моменту інерції, порівняння якого з виміряним моментом інерції дасть сигнал про помилку в систему управління. Зазначено, що вимірювання моменту інерції дозволяє визначити початкову кількість меду в рамці і вибрати оптимальні моменти реверсу каруселі, авикористання адаптивного алгоритму керування дозволить налаштувати тривалість горизонтальних відрізків на графіку кутової швидкості ротору медогонки та визначити оптимальні моменти реверсування ротора для кожної партії стільників. Отримано графік максимально допустимої частоти обертання каруселі хордіальної медогонки в залежності від маси меду в рамках. Наведено порівняльний графік кутової швидкості обертання барабана відцентрової медогонки з оборотними касетами для випадків з використанням стандартної програми відкачування рамок та з адаптивним керуванням процесом відкачування. Запропоновано метод визначення поточної швидкості відкачування, що дозволяє підвищити ефективність контролю відкачки меду та скоротити час обробки стільникових рамок без втрати якості. Запропоновано використання платформи Arduinoв якості елементної бази для побудови системи управління. Запропоновано використання датчика Холла для отримання сигналу зворотного зв’язку. Визначено напрями подальших досліджень – визначеня коефіцієнтів ПІД-регулятора та визначення оптимальної для даного етапу відкачки швидкості обертання на основі зміни моменту інерції барабана.
Building Integrated Management Systems: Achieving Synergy and Sustainability in Modern Organizations
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2024) Stovpnyk, O. V.; Стовпник, О. В.
In today's competitive global marketplace, the quest for efficiency, sustainability, and quality is at the forefront of organizational management. The implementation of international management standards—such as ISO 9001 for quality, ISO 14001 for environmental management, and ISO 45001 for occupational health and safety—has become widespread across industries. However, these systems are often implemented separately, which can lead to inefficiencies and resource redundancy. An Integrated Management System (IMS) offers a strategic solution by consolidating these disparate systems into a unified framework, providing organizations with a comprehensive, cohesive approach to management. This paper explores the evolution of management systems and the growing need for integration in response to globalization, increased competition, and stakeholder demands. By combining the principles of quality management, environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and occupational safety into a single system, organizations can streamline their operations, improve resource allocation, and enhance overall performance. This approach allows organizations to not only meet regulatory requirements but also achieve a synergistic effect, where the whole system performs better than the sum of its individual parts. Two primary models for integrating management systems are discussed: the additive model and the comprehensive integrated model. The additive model involves the stepby- step incorporation of additional systems into an existing framework, typically beginning with ISO 9001 for quality management and gradually adding systems like ISO 14001 and ISO 45001. This modular approach allows for flexibility and is easier to implement for organizations with existing quality management systems. However, the additive model can sometimes result in systems that operate in parallel rather than truly integrated. The comprehensive integrated model, on the other hand, is designed from the outset as a unified system. This approach ensures that all components are interrelated and work together seamlessly, minimizing duplication of processes and promoting better alignment of organizational goals. The integrated model fosters greater synergy and reduces the administrative burden associated with managing multiple systems independently. The paper also highlights the importance of adopting a structured approach to integration based on the Deming PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle, which is central to ISO management standards. The PDCA cycle provides a framework for continuous improvement, enabling organizations to adapt and refine their management systems over time. Through effective leadership and stakeholder engagement, organizations can achieve not only compliance with international standards but also significant improvements in operational efficiency and long-term sustainability. The benefits of integrated management systems are numerous: they reduce duplication, optimize resource use, and improve communication and coordination across departments. Moreover, an IMS enables organizations to respond more effectively to external challenges, such as changing regulations, customer demands, and environmental concerns. The paper concludes by advocating for the widespread adoption of integrated management systems, emphasizing that their success depends on both the structural framework and the active involvement of management and staff. As organizations continue to face complex, interconnected challenges, the integration of management systems is a crucial strategy for enhancing competitiveness, sustainability, and long-term organizational resilience. The future of organizational success lies in the ability to harmonize different management approaches into a single, efficient system that supports continuous improvement and adaptability in an ever-changing global environment.
CAD – системи та принципи наочності при вивченні технічних дисциплін
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2022) Карпюк, Л. В.; Давіденко, Н. О.; Karpyuk, L. V.; Davydenko, N. O.
У статті розглядаються питання та проблеми графічного навчання студентів, з якими вони зустрічаються під час вивчення технічних дисциплін. У сучасних умовах в технічних вишах необхідний новий якісний підхід до графічної підготовки студентів різних рівнів навчання. До підготовки фахівців машинобудівної галузі висуваються підвищені вимоги. Реалізація цих вимог за умовами системи традиційної освіти пов'язані з певними труднощами. Впровадження інформаційних технологій (у тому числі 3D моделювання) в навчання дозволяє досить швидко розробляти та пропонувати студентам різноманіття варіантів індивідуальних завдань за великою кількістю тем з урахуванням рівня початкової геометричної, графічної та комп'ютерної підготовленості студентів. Рівень складності індивідуальних завдань повинен бути таким, щоб викликати у студента потребу до початку роботи на комп'ютері проаналізувати та оптимізувати окремі етапи вирішення поставленого завдання. Також у статті показана важливість використання дидактичного принципу наочності щодо графічних дисциплін, представлено класифікацію засобів наочності. Розглянуто теоретико-методичні аспекти більш повного застосування дидактичних можливостей наочних засобів навчання як нереалізованого потенціалу у справі вдосконалення викладання графічних дисциплін, оволодіння методикою їх раціонального використання. Проблеми, що стосуються наочності щодо графічних дисциплін були актуальні завжди, оскільки нарисна геометрія, інженерна графіка і комп'ютерна графіка вивчають форму, розміри та взаємне розташування різних предметів у просторі. Особливості проектування виробів машинобудування вимагають якісної підготовки фахівців, які володіють сучасними інформаційними технологіями. У статті також розглядаються методи організації навчального процесу з використанням комп'ютерних технологій та обґрунтовується необхідність застосування CAD – систем з метою підвищення наочності та якості при вивченні графічних дисциплін у підготовці фахівців технічних вузів. Принцип роботи сучасних CAD-систем заснований на застосуванні однакових прийомів створення 3-х вимірних моделей та отримання креслеників. Це дає можливість організувати навчання студентів на базі одного пакета, і при цьому небезпідставно вважати, що вони зможуть працювати з іншими аналогічними пакетами. Роль сучасних систем автоматизованого проектування активно зростає, тому важливо використовувати САПР у навчальному процесі майбутніх бакалаврів з механічної інженерії. В першу чергу це стосується аналізу на основі CAD-систем, які разом з класичними дисциплінами забезпечують більш наочне, глибоке та якісне засвоєння навчального матеріалу студентами. Крім того, всебічні знання, здобуті на основі САПР, дозволяють перемагати у конкурентній боротьбі на ринку праці. CAD-модулі знайшли широке використання для 2D- та 3D-моделювання.
Controlling Measures for the Company’s Sustainable Development Strategy Implementation.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2022) Klius, Y. I.; Vodyanyk, R. V.; Striuk, O. S.; Клюс, Ю. І.; Водяник, Р. В.; Стрюк, О. С.
Innovative activity contributes to the achievement of dynamic and static stability of industrial enterprise development. Strategic planning in the field of innovation is the main element of sustainable development, increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of the enterprise in market conditions. In our opinion, the concept of "sustainable development" should include not only a dynamic, but also a static component (according to one of the proposed principles). Basically, sustainable development is perceived as development that allows obtaining various benefits (ecological, economic, social, prospective) both in the present and in the future; that is, a kind of system that is constantly replenished. We certainly agree with this approach. However, the second (static) component is often not taken into account, which is an unacceptable oversight, since not only the principle of reproduction is important in sustainable development, but also the principle of balanced development of the enterprise as a system, that is, the principle of balanced development of its elements. In the modern conditions of economic development, there are many effective ways and methods of forming development strategies: analytical, research-experimental, forecasting methods, economic, socialpsychological, administrative, etc. The most promising methods, in our opinion, are portfolio methods (based on the construction of matrices), intuitive methods (especially relevant in conditions of lack of information), program-target methods and methods of mathematical modeling. As noted, the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise on an innovative basis is achieved by balancing the state of the ecological, social and economic system in the present and its development in the future. Therefore, the company should conduct an adapted SWOT analysis in view of these areas. The process of monitoring the implementation of the company's sustainable development strategy consists of three main stages: evaluation of the company's work; comparing the quality of his work with existing standards; corrective processes invested in ensuring the implementation of the intended. It should not be forgotten that the listed stages are the most general components of the entire process of organizational control. More specific types of organizational control (for example, output control, inventory control, strategy implementation control, and quality control) are based on these stages, but they have correspondingly more specific requirements.
Developing Ukrainian Enterprises Using Neural Networks
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2024) Pohorelova, K. А.; Pogorelov, Y. S.; Погорелова, К. А.; Погорелов, Ю. С.
The article explores the features of using neural networks for the development of Ukrainian enterprises. It examines the theoretical foundations of neural networks, their history, types, and examples of application in various industries. Special attention is given to analyzing the factors influencing enterprise development, such as technological innovations, economic conditions, organizational changes, competition level, and market conditions. It is shown that technological progress is a key factor in the development of enterprises in the modern world. The current state of development of Ukrainian enterprises is investigated in the context of adapting to new economic conditions, particularly during the war. The war in Ukraine significantly affects the economy, including the business sector. Internal challenges include political instability, economic reforms, workforce shortages due to mobilization, power outages, and the need for modernization of production facilities. External factors include global competition, the influence of international markets, and economic sanctions. Despite the challenging conditions, Ukrainian enterprises have growth opportunities through the implementation of the latest technologies, such as neural networks. The main challenges and opportunities for Ukrainian business are analyzed, and the directions for using neural networks for enterprise development are proposed for each development factor, considering the specifics of business operations in Ukraine. Specific examples of successful implementation of neural networks in the banking sector (PrivatBank), IT companies (SoftServe), and the agro-industrial complex (MHP) are provided. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of using neural networks, such as increased efficiency, forecasting accuracy, service personalization, risk reduction, and challenges related to high costs, integration complexity, lack of qualified personnel, and data quality dependency. The prospects for enterprise development using neural networks are considered: productivity improvement, product and service quality enhancement, efficient resource management, risk reduction, innovative development, market adaptation, and resilience support. It is proven that the use of neural networks has significant potential for transforming enterprises, making them more efficient, flexible, and innovative.
Development of a Laboratory Unit and a Solid Fuel Gasification Reactor
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2024) Slobodyanyuk, V. Р.; Shlapak, S. О.; Tselishchev, O. В.; Kudryavtsev, S. О.; Loriia, M. G.; Duryshev, O. A.; Слободянюк, В. П.; Шлапак, С. О.; Целіщев, О. Б.; Кудрявцев, С. О.; Лорія, М. Г.; Дурищев, О. А.
The paper investigates the process of gasification of pyrolysis coal and other coal-containing materials A schematic diagram of the installation of the gasification process of pyrolysis coal and other coalcontaining materials was developed, the design of the reactor for coal gasification and the methodology for conducting experiments and analysing the gasification process of pyrolysis coal and other coal-containing materials were developed. Research methods - modelling of the coal gasification process using the results of theoretical studies. A detailed analysis of the experimental and theoretical data concerning the feasibility of the pyrolysis coal gasification process was carried out, a schematic diagram of the laboratory installation and the design of the gasification reactor were developed. The main goal is to develop a method of gasification of solid pulverised fuel that will simplify the process control and ensure its stability due to the unity of the drying and gasification processes of pyrolysis coal, which are linked by means of a gasification reactor. Additionally, this method provides for the neutralisation of harmful impurities generated during the coal gasification process. As a result of theoretical studies of the solid fuel gasification process, a design of a coal gasification reactor was proposed, which is an ideal displacement reactor. The length-diameter ratio for the working part of the reactor should be at least 10:1. It is proposed to use a heat-resistant molybdenum steel tube (operating temperature up to 1600 0C) with a diameter of two inches to manufacture the reactor. Also, to study the gasification process of pyrolysis coal and other coal-containing materials, a laboratory installation for gasification of solid crushed fuel is proposed, in which a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is fed into the reactor and serves as an activator of the gasification process. The prospects of coal processing by gasification to produce a mixture of combustible gases (H2, CO, CH4) are investigated. It is analysed that coal gasification allows obtaining valuable gas that can be used not only as an energy fuel, but also as a technological raw material for the production of methanol, dimethyl ether, hydrogen production, and use as a reducing agent in metallurgical processes.
Development of a Mechanism for Strategic Management of Sustainable Development of Regional Enterprises
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2023) Klius, Y. I.; Fomenko, D. V.; Ivchenko, Y. A.; Клюс, Ю. І.; Фоменко, Д. В.; Івченко, Ю. А.
The successful implementation of innovation strategies of regional enterprises is determined by the parameters of sustainability of the enterprise as a mini-system and the parameters of sustainability of macro-, meso- and microeconomic systems of which it is an element. The study of economic development trends that determine the possibilities of transition to an innovative model and the peculiarities of the regional innovation system has shown that in order to intensify innovation processes and increase the sustainability of innovation systems, it is necessary to create a mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises. In an unstable environment, it should be based on the principles of self-organization of complex systems in the process of their adaptation to the changes taking place. First of all, the principle of dynamic equilibrium, a prerequisite for compliance with which is the performance of the main functions in the innovation system by different subjects of innovation activity, which change at the stages of the innovation process. The range of research on strategic management of regional development is quite extensive, but given the current economic situation, the consequences of the pandemic and martial law, this issue needs to be given even more attention, because most regions of Ukraine are unstable and economically unprofitable, so it is necessary to consider special levers, directions that will help to strategically effectively manage regional enterprises and ensure their economic security. The methodological basis of the article is a set of methods and principles of scientific knowledge, general and special methods and techniques used in the study. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific works of foreign and domestic scholars on sustainable development, economic security, and innovation. The information base is based on official statistics, reporting and accounting information of enterprises, resources and publications of the Internet, and the results of the author's own research. A mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises has been formed, which includes a system of resources, methods and tools for influencing innovation processes and is based on the principles of selforganization of complex systems in the process of their adaptation to changes in an unstable environment and ensuring economic security, which will allow to coordinate the goals and directions of management of investment, operational and financial activities of enterprises in the region to ensure its sustainable development.
Electric drive with frequency-regulated synchronous motor with high precision digital sensors
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2024) Rudniev, Y. S.; Romanchenko, J. A.; Brozhko, R. M.; Руднєв, Є. С.; Романченко, Ю. А.; Брожко, Р. М.
The article studies an electric drive with a frequencyregulated synchronous motor. The main advantages of synchronous motors in comparison with asynchronous ones are listed. The current state and the growth trends in the production of AC electric drives are considered. It is shown that two-link frequency converters have received the greatest application for wide-range regulation of rotation frequency of synchronous motors. They convert the electricity from supply network into electricity with the required voltage, current and frequency in two stages. This transformation is carried out by special devices – autonomous inverters. It has been established that the efficiency of a two-link frequency converter is quite high and about 96,5-98,5%, which is due to the efficiency of the power semiconductor devices used in the key operating mode. Modern trends in the use of voltage and current inverters are considered. It is shown that the use of new semiconductor devices made it possible to fundamentally change the topology of the power circuit and the principles of inverter control. The approach of most manufacturers to the topology of autonomous inverters in frequency converters is considered. The most advanced structures (matrix and hybrid) of AC converters, which are produced by modern industry, are considered. Based on the analysis, it is set that high-precision, reliable and noise-resistant digital sensors are widely used in DC and AC electric drive systems – absolute and incremental encoders, as well as optoelectric attached sensors for registering distances, angles of rotation or the number of turns – resolvers. They are used together with numerical control systems, drives and position determination devices. The power supply circuit for synchronous electric motors of the main drive of the rolling stand of a thick plate mill 3000 based on ALPSA VDM 7000 converters from ALSTOM (Converteam) is considered. The main task of control system of the converter network part is to regulate the voltage of the DC link. The block diagram of the control system for the rectifier and inverter parts of the VD 7000 converters is given .
Ensuring the Competitiveness of Regional Enterprises on an Innovative Basis.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2023) Klius, Y. I.; Syvochka, V. V.; Клюс, Ю. І.; Сивочка, В. В.
National and regional innovation systems are being formed in Ukraine. In the era of global transformations, innovations become the main factor in increasing the efficiency of industrial enterprises of the region in order to ensure its competitiveness. The solution to this problem requires a comprehensive analysis and rethinking of existing approaches, the creation of theoretical foundations for ensuring the effective development of industrial enterprises in the region. The activity of corporate structures in creating new innovations and effective communications for their transfer becomes a factor of economic development, increasing the competitiveness of the region. The cost of modern products is determined not only by the costs of material production, but also by research and development works, which, in turn, can be an innovative component of the development of industrial enterprises. The use of innovations makes it possible to increase not only the efficiency of individual components of the corporate structure, but also, if proper attention is paid to integration processes, of the entire corporate management system. This determines the increased interest of society, in particular scientists and practitioners, in the ways of effective formation of the corporate innovation management system of an industrial enterprise. The following tools can be used to stimulate the modernization of industry in order to ensure the competitiveness of the region on the basis of innovations: the formation of the sales market for competitive products and services using mechanisms that regulate the purchase of domestic science-intensive products for state needs; stimulation of investments in the modernization of industry based on innovations by improving the mechanisms of partial financing of large innovative projects by the state and private business; motivation of enterprises to adopt innovations on the basis of incentives for domestic enterprises to purchase modern technologies created by Ukrainian developers; stimulation of industrial reform processes; creation of corporate structures that unite the spheres of production and scientific and technical activity. Among them are state centers of science and high technologies. Further development of the country's national innovation system should be aimed, first of all, at ensuring the system integration of all its elements and their effective interaction.
Enterprise Innovation and Investment Activities Risks Systematisation in the Context of Post-Conflict Transformations.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2023) Ivchenko, Yu. A.; Івченко, Ю. А.
The article analyses types of risks that are typical for domestic business entities. It improves classification of innovation and investment risks of an enterprise by means of expansion of classification features. Domestic enterprises are constantly solving the problem of identifying, assessing and managing business risks, which is even more important in the context of post-conflict transformations. Therefore, the problem of identifying and systematising the risks of innovation and investment activities of enterprises in the context of post-conflict transformations is relevant and requires scientific substantiation. The risks of innovation and investment activities should be considered not in the historical dimension, but in the context of their minimisation in the future. When implementing innovation and investment activities, which are unpredictable in themselves, it is simply not possible to consider risk "as a result", because innovations have no analogues and it is impossible to extrapolate the experience of other projects. iIf risk is the possibility of deviation from a certain value, then such a possibility can be assessed using relative scores, the deviation can be determined by direction (positive, negative, zero), and the risk itself can be characterised by type. Based on the results of a qualitative risk analysis, an enterprise should assess the risks and determine a set of organisational decisions to manage them (types of management decisions to minimise their possible impact). The allocation of the proposed feature "Risks of postconflict transformations" allows to take into account new types of risks that arise in the socio-political and economic environment in the new economic conditions and relate to: the crisis state of the economy, demographic changes in the job market, social attitudes, the state and quality of the information space, infrastructure support, the level of innovation and investment, energy, transport, consulting, engineering and other types of activities, etc. Possible methods for assessing various types of risks of innovation and investment activities of enterprises are outlined. In general, the author's proposals can be used to formalise approaches to assessment of innovation and investment risks.
Formation of the System of Organizational Support for the Development of Territorial Communities of Ukraine: Theoretical Aspects.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2024) Bilous, Y. Y.; Vasylenko, V. A.; Білоус, Я. Ю.; Василенко, В. А.
The article explores the theoretical aspects of the formation of a system of organizational support for the development of territorial communities in Ukraine. In the context of deep socio-political changes, decentralization reforms and challenges caused by the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation, territorial communities act as key social institutions that ensure sustainable development, civic activity and stability at the local level. It is emphasized that at the current stage of Ukraine's development, the territorial community is transforming from an administrative-territorial unit into a full-fledged organizational system that encompasses all elements of public life and is a subject of socio-economic growth. The purpose of the article is to clarify the conceptual apparatus and conceptual foundations of organizational support for the development of territorial communities, as well as to substantiate the need for a systemic approach to building effective management models at the community level. Scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "community", "development", "organizational system" and "management system" are analyzed. A territorial community should be considered as a complex, dynamic, open, structured system in which various subjects interact: local government bodies, citizens, business, public organizations and other institutions. Such a systemic approach allows for a better understanding of the mechanisms of its functioning, adaptation to changes and opportunities for strategic planning. In view of this, the organizational support of the development of a territorial community is interpreted as a management activity aimed at creating conditions for quantitative and qualitative positive changes in the life of the community. The article also emphasizes the importance of forming an effective management system that takes into account the needs of residents, the resource potential of the territory and the requirements of the modern global environment. A systemic model of a territorial community as an organizational system is proposed, based on a hierarchical management structure, integrity, openness, interconnection of all elements and a focus on sustainable development. Such a model allows for the effective implementation of state policy at the local level, strengthening local democracy and improving the quality of life of the population. The work formulates a refined definition of the concept of "organizational support for the development of territorial communities", which takes into account the complexity and multicomponent nature of development processes at the local level.
Forwards as One of the Main Investment Instruments in the Agricultural Sector of Ukraine.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2022) Manukhina, M. Y.; Tatsii, I. V.; Манухіна, М. Ю.; Тацій, І. В.
The current transformation of the country’s economic system determines instability in the terms and mechanisms of the agricultural sector financing. The use of new financial instruments enhances the capacity of the agricultural sector of the national economy to generate investment resources. Financial instruments such as bank lending, leasing services and investment in agricultural projects are now widely known and used. Improving the investment attractiveness of the country’s agricultural sector and its development potential can be achieved through the introduction of modern financial instruments such as forward and futures contracts. The use of these financial instruments is a promising direction of formation of investment resources. Forwards will be especially useful for those agricultural producers who lost their crops last year and feel a working capital deficit. The article considers the essence and classification of financial instruments; special attention is paid to the derivative financial instruments. The international experience of their use, as well as their use in the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine, has been studied. The main problems faced by market participants of the financial instruments market were revealed. The use of modern market instruments for price risks hedging and trends of the derivatives’ development as hedging instruments on the case of the agro-industrial company is analysed. The main problems of market participants in the agricultural sector of Ukraine have been identified and recommendations on the conditions for the use of financial instruments have been given. Recommendations on the development of derivatives in the grain market of Ukraine and the necessary actions by the interested parties, in particular government agencies, grain market participants, agricultural producers, investors have been developed. The necessity of using modern financial instruments to form the investment resources in the agricultural sector of the economy by combining internal (agrarian receipts, leasing services, forwards, bank financing) and external (bonds, letters of credit, guarantees, factoring) financial instruments for the agricultural sector producers is demonstrated.
Functional model of definition of integral indicators of quality of educational activity and quality of higher education by institutions of higher education.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2020) Baturin, O.; Ivanov, V.; Lyfar, V.; Mytrokhin, S.; Lyhina, L.
The purpose of this work is to create methods, models and information technology tools that provide a decision support process. Meeting the challenges in determining the current level of quality of educational activity and the quality of higher education is possible only in the case of development of methods of comparative analysis of indicators of quality and success of higher education applicants, the compliance of project groups and groups with scientific and teaching staff to the relevant professional qualifications in relation to the specialty they teach, ensuring the quality filling of packages of teaching and methodical provision of disciplines, and the proper level of implementation of normative requirements in the field of higher education. In order to provide information support to the process of representing educational services at the university, a structural and informational model of processes for ensuring the quality of educational activities and the quality of higher education, and a diagram of a functional model for defining integral indicators of quality of education with a unit for evaluating the current quality status are presented. The research tasks are formulated to solve the problems of assessing the components of the system of providing higher education institutions with the quality of educational activity and the quality of higher education (internal quality assurance system). Approaches and models of qualitative and quantitative determination of system indicators are considered. Existing information technologies do not provide the introduction of methods to support the decisions on the quality of education, the author proposed information technology, which requires a comprehensive modeling of the management of educational process at all levels and structural units through the sequential formalization, comparative analysis, and development of clear corrective actions to eliminate inconsistencies aimed at bringing the current state the quality of education in accordance with the requirements of the legal and regulatory framework. In this case, the synthesis of models is carried out by combining formal methods of mathematical logic and mathematical models of development of educational activities that occur in time in a certain sequence.
Independent Work of Students In Graphic Disciplines as a Means of Practical-Oriented Training Implementation.
(СНУ ім. В. Даля, 2021) Karpyuk, L. V.; Davydenko, N. O.; Карпюк, Л. В.; Давіденко, Н. О.
The article discusses the issues and problems of graphic learning of students, which they face during independent work. In modern conditions, technical universities need a new high-quality approach to the graphic training of students at various levels of education. A conscious attitude to self-study gives good results when using information and communication technologies and applying this knowledge. The established acute shortage of qualified engineering personnel at industrial enterprises can be overcome through practice-oriented training in cooperation with production. In the graphic training of engineering personnel, taking into account the realities of modern production, an objective need arose to develop new pedagogical technologies that provide an orientation towards innovative activities, the conscious setting of new creative tasks and the ability to solve these problems using modern professional methods. The spheres of mechanical engineering and construction at the present stage make high demands on university graduates in the field of vocational training simultaneously with the market demand for quick adaptation in the workplace, fulfillment of assigned production tasks and for further self-development and improvement of their professional skills. This, first of all, entrusts the universities that train engineering personnel with the task of finding new and optimizing existing teaching methods in the preparation of qualified specialists. Independent (distance learning can also be included here) is one of the modern vectors of development of the education system. This type of training meets the principles of modernity, accessibility and openness. The task of teachers is to create training courses containing all the necessary educational and methodological materials and forming competencies, regulated by the educational standard. The development of information technology provides additional opportunities for students of technical universities to obtain a deeper engineering education. One of the main tasks of modern education is to teach the student to independently work with new information, to constantly update their knowledge, increasing the level of graphic training necessary in the further practice of solving complex design problems. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of a student's independent work in the study of any science. But for part-time students, this work is fundamental. When entering the first year of the university for part-time education, students do not always have a clear idea of the complexity of part-time studies; they are often mistaken in thinking that teachers have lower requirements for knowledge and part-time students works .

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